漳平市烟农专业合作社可持续发展探析——基于烟农需求的调查与分析

调查分析了漳平烟区烟农对专业化育苗、专业化机耕、物资统一代购、煤球加工等方面的需求情况,基于调查结果提出了烟农专业合作社可通过开展专业化服务、统一代购、拓展经营等实现可持续发展的思考。     

政府购买服务承接能力建设问题研究——以部属公益二类事业单位为例

政府购买服务是我国公共服务供给的一种模式创新,对经济社会高质量发展具有重要意义。党的十八大以来,部属公益二类事业单位作为政府购买服务新的重要的承接主体,在实践中服务能力与服务质量不断得到提升,但由于历经时间不长,部属公益二类事业单位的承接能力与政府购买服务的要求还不完全相适应,还存在着一些需要研究解决的矛盾。文章对承接能力的概念、内涵和基本特征进行了创新性分析界定,在此基础上,结合当前部属公益二类事业单位政府购买服务承接能力的现状与问题,提出了加强承接主体能力建设的思路与对策。     

高职动物医药专业“123”实践教学体系改革与实践

为了顺应"工学研融合"人才培养模式的发展要求,根据动物医药专业人才培养目标定位,提出了"123"递进式实践教学模式,从优化实践教学内容、搭建多层次实践教学平台、改革实践教学模式、打造"三能型"师资队伍、改革考核评价体系、建立"三级监督、三方联运"的监督保障体系等方面着手,对动物医药专业实践教学体系进行改革并付诸实践,使动物医药专业人才培养质量明显提高。     

Human Exposure to Rabid Free‐Ranging Cats: A Continuing Public Health Concern in Pennsylvania

Rabid free‐ranging cats have been a public health concern in Pennsylvania since raccoon variant rabies first was recognized in the state in the early 1980s. Over the last decade, between 1.5 and 2.5% of cats submitted to Pennsylvania's state laboratories for rabies testing have been positive. In this report, we describe the extent of rabies in free‐ranging cats in Pennsylvania. We also present two examples of human exposure to rabid free‐ranging cats that occurred in Pennsylvania during 2010–2011 and the public health actions taken to address rabies exposure in the humans and animals. We then describe the concerns surrounding the unvaccinated and free‐ranging cat population in Pennsylvania and possible options in managing this public and animal health problem.     

Building shade affects light environment and urban greenery in high-density residential estates in Singapore

Urban green spaces are an important component of the urban ecosystem of cities as they provide a range of ecosystem services that contribute to sustainability and livability of urban areas. The extent to which such services are provided is influenced by limitations on biological processes that underpin such ecosystem services. A poorly understood limitation in the urban environment is the effects of shade created by buildings on the adequacy of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for plant growth. We examined the effects of building shade in high-density, high-rise residential estates in Singapore on the level and distribution of PAR, and how PAR might in turn be correlated with growth of plants in community green spaces nested within these estates. Our estimates showed that high-rise and high-density buildings reduced daily PAR by almost 50% when compared to fully exposed conditions. The reduced PAR levels were correlated with lower vegetative and reproductive growth of several species of shrubs, and increased slenderness of two tree species. The shade environment created by buildings was differentiated from shade under vegetation canopies by longer periods of high instantaneous PAR during a diurnal cycle. There was also evidence of higher red to far-red ratio in the spectral composition of PAR. We suggest that an understanding of the spatial and temporal characteristics of PAR is necessary for appropriate selection of plants, particularly to match daily PAR received on site to daily light integral requirements of plants for improved delivery of ecosystem services.     

综合性大学畜牧兽医专业人才培养的问题及对策

分析综合性大学畜牧兽医专业人才培养的目标定位、优势和不足等问题,提出加强综合性大学畜牧兽医专业人才培养的对策及建议。     

动物科学和动物医学专业复合应用型人才培养体系的构建、创新与实践

在动物科学和动物医学专业的教学改革中,以培养学生的实践能力、创新精神和适应社会需求为目标,通过专业课程整合、教学方法改革以及校内外实践实习基地建设等, 实现复合应用型专业技术人才培养体系的构建、创新与实践, 有效地提高2个专业的人才培养质量,得到社会各界的广泛认可。     

宾县生态系统服务时空格局及权衡协同关系

东北黑土区是我国重要的生态功能区,也是主要的粮食产区,持续多年的开垦利用,加剧了该地区生态环境的恶化,因此探究黑土区生态系统服务的时空分异特征及协同权衡关系对该区域社会经济生态协调发展有重大意义。以宾县为研究区,综合利用InVEST模型、RUSLE模型、CASA模型、R语言和GeoDA软件,定量测度该县2000—2020年产水量、土壤保持和碳固定3种生态系统服务的时空格局及权衡与协同关系。结果表明:(1)从时间变化看,产水量呈上升趋势,碳固定和土壤保持呈先降低后上升的波动变化趋势;(2)从空间分布看,产水服务高值区表现为由中部向四周递减的趋势,碳固定和土壤保持服务总体呈现为南高、东低的空间分布格局。(3)权衡协同关系表明,2000—2020年,协同关系是宾县生态系统服务间的主导关系; 数值上,3种生态系统服务的协同关系持续增强,具体表现在相关系数和Moran's I指数的增加; 空间上,正、负相关集聚性明显,权衡协同关系分布空间分异性显著。综上,宾县生态系统服务变化呈上升趋势,南部区域生态系统服务较强,未来应在空间上促进生态系统服务协同发展。     

西藏“一江两河”流域生态系统服务变化及权衡与协同关系研究

为使环境资源得到高效配置,明晰生态系统服务间权衡关系是重要前提。以一江两河流域为对象,基于InVEST模型对该区1990—2018年的土壤保持、水源涵养和固碳服务进行动态评估,并采用相关分析法探讨了流域、县域尺度下各服务间的权衡关系。结果表明:(1)1990—2018年,土壤保持量和碳储量呈波动增加趋势,产水量呈减少趋势。单位面积土壤保持量、产水量和碳储量的高值区均分布在流域东部的拉萨河河谷地区。(2)流域尺度下,2010年水源涵养服务与固碳服务间表现出权衡关系,其余年份各服务间均呈现出协同关系; 县域尺度下,各服务间关系也多为协同关系,但具有较强的空间异质性。(3)热点制图显示,1990—2018年1类区占比最大且呈增加趋势,主要地类为低植被覆盖草地; 0类和2类区占比增加,主要地类分别为沙地和高植被覆盖草地; 3类区占比有所减少,主要地类为高植被覆盖草地和灌木林。由此可得,研究区3种生态系统服务具有较强的时空异质性,各服务间以协同关系为主,且随时空变化而发生着强弱变化。     

面向气象业务湖南省级WEBGIS平台的设计与实现

根据省级气象业务和服务工作所需,省局搭建一套面向气象业务高效、稳定、省内多业务单位能共用的专业WEBGIS平台.在此针对平台多源异构数据的高效管理,多种类、多时次、多维度气象专题产品定制生成以及平台服务器集群的高可用性等关键技术做了相关研究,这些研究对于气象数据和产品的空间分析、可视化发布及跨行业实现信息共享具有非常积极的意义.